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Aims  To examine the prevalence rates and correlates of non‐medical use of prescription stimulants (Ritalin, Dexedrine or Adderall) among US college students in terms of student and college characteristics.

Design  A self‐administered mail survey.

Setting  One hundred and nineteen nationally representative 4‐year colleges in the United States.

Participants  A representative sample of 10 904 randomly selected college students in 2001.

Measurements  Self‐reports of non‐medical use of prescription stimulants and other substance use behaviors.

Findings  The life‐time prevalence of non‐medical prescription stimulant use was 6.9%, past year prevalence was 4.1% and past month prevalence was 2.1%. Past year rates of non‐medical use ranged from zero to 25% at individual colleges. Multivariate regression analyses indicated non‐medical use was higher among college students who were male, white …