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This study uses stable isotope variation within individual Mio-Pliocene paleosols to investigate subkilometer-scale phytogeography of late Miocene vegetation change in southeast Asia between ca. 8.1 and 5 Ma, a time interval that coincides with dramatic global vegetation change. We examine trends through time in the distribution of low-latitude grasses (C₄ plants) and forest (C₃ plants) on Indo-Gangetic floodplains using carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen isotopic (δ¹⁸O) values in buried soil carbonates in Siwalik Series sediments exposed in the Rohtas Anticline, north-central Pakistan. Revised, high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and a new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar date provide improved age control for the 2020 m Rohtas section. Carbon isotope results capture lateral variability of C₃ versus C₄ plants at five stratigraphic levels, R11 (8.0 Ma), R15 (6.74–6.78 Ma), R23 (5.78 Ma), R29 (4.8–4.9 Ma), and upper boundary tuff (UBT …