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Outcomes for pediatric peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are closely related to dialysis adequacy and nutrition, which need to be measured frequently using a number of laboratory parameters. Although the critical meaning of adequacy and nutrition in the long-term prognosis of dialyzed children is well-documented, PD prescriptions are still largely empirical. Our objective was to evaluate nutritional and dialytic parameters in PD children (urea, creatinine, and albumin excretion in dialysate and urine, and daily protein intake); to measure peritoneal equilibration test (PET) results, Kt/V, normalized equivalent of protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) and nitrogen balance; and to study the correlations between those variables. We performed 59 prospective laboratory measurements in 15 stable PD patients (7 boys; mean age: 6.7 years; age range: 1.1-14.8 years) during 6 months of follow-up. Creatinine, urea, total protein, and albumin were measured in plasma, urine, and dialysate. We calculated PET, Kt/V, daily dietary protein intake (DPI), protein catabolic rate (PCR), and nPNA. All statistical comparisons used the paired t-test, and correlations were calculated by two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. A value of p< 0.05 was considered significant. The mean 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) of creatinine was 0.78+/-0.02 at month 0 and 0.74+/-0.13 at month 6 [p= nonsignificant (NS)]. The mean final-dialysate-to-initial-dialysate ratio (D/D0) of glucose was 0.35+/-0.11 and 0.34+/-0.08 at the same intervals (p= NS). The D/P creatinine showed an inverse correlation with patient age and body surface area, and the D/D0 glucose ratio …