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The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive field survey using a Dictyocaulus viviparus major sperm protein ELISA on bulk tank milk samples from Belgian dairy herds to gain insights in: (1) the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the test under field conditions; (2) the value of the test to predict a future clinical lungworm outbreak; (3) its associations with milk production parameters and (4) its associations with herd management factors. A total of 1248 herds were sampled, with samplings occurring in the middle (“August”) and towards the end (“October”) of the grazing season. A completed questionnaire on potential risk factors and potentially lungworm-induced clinical signs was obtained from 587 farms and milk production records could be obtained from 343 herds. The median (25th–75th percentile) D. viviparus antibody level (ODR) was 0.25 (0.19–0.31) in “August” and 0.24 (0.19–0.32) in “October …