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ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS the same genotype in response to environmental variation, also affects plant function and, hence, fitness in diverse environments. However, only recently have plant biologists directly studied selection in natural populations. Moreover, until the last few years, little was known about the genetic basis for evolutionary change in ecophysiological traits, or about genetic, developmental, or phylogenetic constraints on the evolutionary response to natural selection.

The authors of this article presented research findings and discussed future directions in evolutionary plant ecophysiology in a symposium at the 1998 annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America. This article presents an overview of advances in the field and addresses a number of questions regarding the evolution of ecophysiological traits: