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The need to identify highly related bacterial strains is ancient in clinical, industrial, or environmental microbiology. Strategies based on different phenotypic and genotypic principles have been used since the early 1930s with variable outcomes and performances, accompanying the evolution of bacterial features’ knowledge as well as technologies, instruments, and data analysis tools. Today, more than ever, the implementation of bacterial typing methods that combine a high reliability and accuracy with a rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly performance is highly desirable, especially for clinical microbiology. FT-IR developments for bacterial discrimination at the infra-species level settled on the identification of bacterial groups previously defined by phenotypic or genotypic typing methods. Therefore, this review provides a brief historical overview of main bacterial strain typing methods, and a comprehensive …