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Sir, Multiple studies have documented increasing rates of intestinal colonization by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in the community, with remarkable heterogeneity according to the geographical region [Asia (2%–70%) and Africa (7%–31%) versus Europe (2%–12%)]. 1 CTX-M enzymes (mainly CTX-M-15 or CTX-M-14) are predominant and observed mainly in diverse Escherichia coli genetic backgrounds. 1 However, detailed characterization of E. coli isolates at clonal and subclonal levels is missing, which is important to understand ecological and host colonization differences of specific pathogenic and/or MDR E. coli lineages. 2, 3 In Portugal, a study conducted in healthy humans 10 years ago revealed an ESBL-E carriage rate of 1.8%. 4 In the context of current endemicity of ESBLs (especially CTX-M-15) and emergence of different carbapenemases in clinical settings, 5, 6 we aimed to assess …