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Mexico is a country that relies on fossil fuels to meet its energy requirements. Problems associated to fossil fuels demand the search for new energy sources. One option is bioenergy, defined as energy obtained from organic matter produced by or constituent of living organisms, known as biomass. We investigated, using the scenarios technique, the bioenergy potential for substitution of fossil fuels and GHG emissions mitigation in Mexico, based on assessments of biomass production that meet several sustainability criteria and applying some of existing technologies. Results show a large potential for power generation, the substitution of fuel oil and diesel in the industry sector, and its efficient use in the rural sector. With the exception of ethanol from sugarcane, liquid biofuels studied have limited potential for gasoline and diesel substitution.