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The paper focuses on the role of medium distance HSR services that exist in Spain. The paper uses data of the railway company on numbers of HSR passengers and census data on the municipalities of residence and of work of each inhabitant. The paper explores the relevance of HSR passengers compared to potential commuters. The purpose is to provide a first analysis of the regional implications of these peculiar HSR Spanish services, which has not yet been analysed. The paper explores two situations one related to several regional systems of cities and the other, also at a regional scale, but related specifically to those that at the same time are part of metropolitan urban regions.