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Alterations of monocyte/macrophages have been reported in patients with tuberculosis (TB), but their significance is poorly understood. Blood mononuclear cells from patients with different clinical forms of TB, at various times of anti-TB treatment, and healthy tuberculin positive individuals, were double-stained for CD14 plus CD206, TLR-2, IFN-γR1, CD40, HLA-DR, CD36 and CD163, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Monocytes were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and 24 h later the phenotype, induction of necrosis and apoptosis and production of tumor necrosis factor TNFα, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12p40 were determined. TB patients presented higher percentage of CD14⁺ cells but lower percentage of CD14⁺DR⁺ and CD14⁺CD36⁺ cells. Expression of CD14, HLA-DR and CD36 was decreased in TB patients. Normal percentages and expression were restored during anti-TB treatment …