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Cattle dung from four farms with different feeding strategies was used in a bioassay to determine phytotoxicity. The first farm was an extensive organic farm (ORGE) with young steers grazing on a highly biodiverse sward. Second, an intensive organic farm (ORGI) was included with dairy cattle grazing on a grass/clover sward during daytime and fed low-protein forages indoors. Next, dung from an integrated farm (INT) was used where the feeding strategy aimed at high dung quality by including straw in the diet. Finally, dung from a conventional farm (CONV) was used where fertilised grazed grass was the main component of the diet. The effect of water extracts of dung on seed germination and primary root growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) was measured. Relative seed germination (RSG), relative root growth (RRG) and germination index (GI, the product of RSG and RRG) were related to different dung …