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Small-scale supercritical CO₂ demonstration loops are successful at identifying the important technical issues that one must face in order to scale up to larger power levels. The Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle test loops are identifying technical needs to scale the technology to commercial power levels such as 10 MWe. The small demonstration loops provide a scalable approach to identify cost, technical hurdles, and future commercialization plans of commercial applications.

The small size of the Sandia 1 MW_th loop has demonstration of the split flow loop efficiency and effectiveness of the Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) leading to the design of a fully recuperated, split flow, supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle demonstration system. However there were many problems that were encountered such as; the high rotational speeds in these units identified the need to …